The 'Peace Forest Initiative' is a unique global initiative to promote peace through land restoration was signed on 28 January 2020 by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Korea Forest Service (KFS).

Bridging the goals of peace-building and land restoration, KFS and UNCCD have joined forces to realize the common sustainable development targets, including Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN). Land Degradation Neutrality is a universal goal to tackle land degradation in the context of sustainable development at global, regional and national levels.

Land Degradation Neutrality is also an accelerator for the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals. Restoration, rehabilitation and sustainable management of forests play a vital role in the achievement of LDN and create a number economic gains, such as increased production of non-timber products, food security and health, reduced soil erosion, disaster risk reduction, improved watershed management and carbon sequestration.

Source)

https://www.unccd.int/news-events/unccd-ready-welcome-countries-new-peace-forest-initiative

Through their affiliation with IUCN, Member organizations are part of a democratic process, voting Resolutions which drive the global conservation agenda. 

IUCN has been playing a vital role in driving the global conservation agenda. The Member organizations of IUCN meet every four years at the IUCN World Conservation Congress to set priorities and agree on the Union's work programme.

IUCN congresses have produced several key international environmental agreements including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the World Heritage Convention, and the Ramsar Convention on wetlands. We continue to help these conventions strengthen and evolve so that they can respond to emerging challenges.

Source) 

https://www.iucn.org/about

Statement 1 is correct. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification or UNCCD was established in 1994. It is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management. 

The Convention specifically addresses the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, known as the drylands, where some of the most vulnerable ecosystems and peoples can be found.

Statement 2 is incorrect. UNCCD is funded by the Convention to serve its Parties. It scales up support through partner funding.

Statement 3 is correct. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is particularly committed to a bottom up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation.

Source)

https://www.unccd.int/convention/action-programmes

http://www.cem.gov.tr/erozyon/Libraries/su/ANKARA_GIRISIMI_INGxM.sflb.ashx

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Ramsar convention is not affiliated with the United Nations system of multilateral environmental agreements, but it works very closely with the other MEAs and it is a full partner among the 'biodiversity-related-cluster' of treties and agreements. 

It works closely with other relevant global treaties, including the six other global biodiversity-related Conventions, with regional biodiversity agreements and with other relevant Conventions such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. The Ramsar Convention is the oldest of the modern global intergovernmental environmental agreements. The treaty was negotiated through the 1960s by countries and non - governmental organizations concerned about the increasing loss and degradation of wetland habitat for migratory water birds. It was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into force in 1975. 

World Wetlands Day is celebrated every year on 2 February to mark the date of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands on 2 February 1971.

By setting international standards for wetland conservation and providing a forum for discussing global wetland issues, the Ramsar Convention enables Contracting Parties to share information on wetlands and address issues. 

Source) 

https://www.ramsar.org/about/international-cooperation

Montreux Record under the Ramsar Convention highlights those sites where adverse changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference and which are therefore in need of priority conservation attention. It is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.

At present, there are two Indian sites Loktak Lake, Manipur and Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan on the Montreux Record. Hence, the correct answer is (c). 

Loktak lake, Manipur was included on the Montreux Record in 1993 (signifying habitat degradation), as a result of ecological problems such as deforestation in the catchment area, infestation of water hyacinth and pollution. 

Keoladeo national park was placed on the Montreux Record in 1990 due to water shortage and unbalanced grazing regime around it. The invasive growth of the grass Paspalum distichum has changed the ecological character of large areas of the site, reducing its suitability for certain waterbird species, notably the Siberian crane.

Chilika lake, Orissa was placed on the Montreux Record in 1993 due to siltation, which was choking the mouth of the lake. Following the rehabilitation efforts of the government, it was removed from the Record in 2002. 

Source)

Shankar IAS environment book; page number 4

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals or Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) is known as Bonn Convention.

It is a treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme. It provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats. CMS brings together the States through which migratory animals pass, the Range States, and lays the legal foundation for internationally coordinated conservation measures throughout a migratory range.

Statement 2 is correct. All migratory animals i.e. terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species and their habitats are protected under the provisions of the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. 

Statement 3 is correct. Migratory species threatened with extinction are listed on Appendix I of the Convention. CMS Parties strive towards strictly protecting these animals, conserving or restoring the places where they live, mitigating obstacles to migration and controlling other factors that might endanger them. Besides establishing obligations for each State joining the Convention, CMS promotes concerted action among the Range States of many of these species.

Source)

https://www.cms.int/en/legalinstrument/cms

Statement 1 is correct. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

Statement 2 is incorrect. CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is legally binding on the Parties or the parties have to implement the Convention but it does not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level. 

CITES works by subjecting international trade in specimens of selected species to certain controls. All import, export, re-export and introduction from the sea of species covered by the Convention has to be authorized through a licensing system. 

Source) 

https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php

https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/how.php

Both the statements are correct. The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 

POPs are chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and are toxic to humans and wildlife. 

POPs circulate globally and can cause damage wherever they travel. In implementing the Convention, Governments will take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of POPs into the environment. 

Over 152 countries ratified the Convention and it entered into force, on 17 May 2004.

The Stockholm Convention focuses on eliminating or reducing releases of POPs. It sets up a system for tackling additional chemicals identified as unacceptably hazardous. Ultimately, the Convention points the way to a future free of dangerous POPs and promises to reshape our economy's reliance on toxic chemicals.

The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) is the designated interim financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention. 

The Stockholm Convention is perhaps best understood as having five essential aims:

- Eliminate dangerous POPs, starting with the 12 worst

- Support the transition to safer alternatives

- Target additional POPs for action

- Cleanup old stockpiles and equipment containing POPs

- Work together for a POPs-free future

Source) 

https://www.unido.org/our-focus/safeguarding-environment/implementation-multilateral-environmental-agreements/stockholm-conventio