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Q1

Regarding the 'Mangroves for the Future (MFF)’ initiative, consider the following statements:

1. It was jointly developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme.

2. It is inclusive of all types of the coastal ecosystem, such as coral reefs, estuaries, lagoons, sandy beaches, seagrass, and wetlands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q2

With reference to 'Agenda 21', consider the following statements:

1. It was an outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).

2. The World Bank reviews the progress in the implementation of Agenda 21.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q3

With reference to the 'United Nations Forum on Forests', which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

1. It is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015.

2. It has been set up as a functional commission of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) with universal membership.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

Q4

With reference to the Global Environment Facility, consider the following statements:

1. It provides funds to both private sector companies and government agencies.

2. The Asian Development Bank administers the Global Environment Facility Trust Fund.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

 

Q5

With reference to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)', consider the following statements:

1. It was adopted at the "Rio Earth Summit" in 1992.

2. It sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions and legally binding on all parties who ratified it.

3. It aims at eliminating greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

 

Q6

With reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), consider the following statements:

1. It is a body of the United Nations.

2. It conducts scientific research on climate change across the world.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q7

With reference to the Global Cool Coalition, consider the following statements:

1. It is the first-ever global coalition on clean and efficient cooling. 

2. It is a unified front that links action across the Kigali Amendment, Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q8

Consider the following organizations:

1. The Conservation International

2. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

3. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 

4. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Which of the above organizations are active partners of the REDD(reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) Programme?

 

Q1.

Regarding the 'Mangroves for the Future (MFF)’ initiative, consider the following statements:

1. It was jointly developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme.

2. It is inclusive of all types of the coastal ecosystem, such as coral reefs, estuaries, lagoons, sandy beaches, seagrass, and wetlands.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) a) 1 only
b) b) 2 only
c) c) Both 1 and 2
d) d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) developed ‘Mangroves for the Future’ initiative in 2006. It is based on the vision of former United States's President Bill Clinton. He wanted to rebuild the tsunami-hit areas by improving natural infrastructure and strengthening resilience against future natural disasters.

Mangroves for the Future (MFF) is a unique partner-led initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation for sustainable development. Co-chaired by IUCN and UNDP, MFF provides a platform for collaboration among the many different agencies, sectors and countries which are addressing challenges to coastal ecosystems and livelihood issues. The goal is to promote an integrated ocean-wide approach to coastal management and to building the resilience of ecosystem-dependent coastal communities.

Statement 2 is correct. Mangroves are the flagship of the ‘Mangroves for the Future (MFF)’ initiative, but MFF is inclusive of all types of the coastal ecosystem, such as coral reefs, estuaries, lagoons, sandy beaches, seagrass and wetlands.

This initiative aims to address threats to all coastal and marine ecosystems and communities across Asia. MFF in India currently focuses on building the socioecological resilience of local coastal communities. Key outputs include strengthening of livelihoods and income security, science-based policy recommendations, knowledge and awareness products and capacity building of stakeholders for enhanced governance.

Sources)

https://www.iucn.org/regions/asia/our-work/regional-projects/mangroves-future-mff

https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/content/documents/iucn_india_factsheet_june.pdf

Q2.

With reference to 'Agenda 21', consider the following statements:

1. It was an outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).

2. The World Bank reviews the progress in the implementation of Agenda 21.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and Major Groups in every area in which human impacts on the environment. 

Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests were adopted by more than 178 Governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. 

Statement 2 is incorrect. The United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was established by the UN General Assembly in December 1992 to ensure effective follow-up of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit.

The Commission was responsible for reviewing progress in the implementation of Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; as well as providing policy guidance to follow up the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPOI) at the local, national, regional and international levels

Source)

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/milestones/unced/agenda2

Q3.

With reference to the 'United Nations Forum on Forests', which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

1. It is an outcome of the Climate Summit held in Paris in 2015.

2. It has been set up as a functional commission of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) with universal membership.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. The United Nations Forum on Forests is a high-level intergovernmental policy forum. The forum was founded on 18 October 2000. 

Statement 2 is correct. It provides support to the United Nations Forum on Forests, a functional commission of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) with universal membership.

It also promotes sustainable forest management based on the 2030 Agenda, the Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration, Forest Principles, Global Objectives on Forests, and the UN Forest Instrument. 

Source)

https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/about/desa-divisions/forum-forests.htm

Q4.

With reference to the Global Environment Facility, consider the following statements:

1. It provides funds to both private sector companies and government agencies.

2. The Asian Development Bank administers the Global Environment Facility Trust Fund.

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) Trust Fund was established on the eve of the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, to help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems. GEF funding to support the projects is contributed by donor countries. GEF support is provided to government agencies, civil society organizations, private sector companies, research institutions, among the broad diversity of potential partners, to implement projects and programs in developing countries and countries with economies in transition.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The World Bank administers the Global Environment Facility Trust Fund. The World Bank serves as the GEF Trustee, administering the GEF Trust Fund (contributions by donors). The Trustee helps mobilize GEF resources; disburses funds to GEF Agencies; prepares financial reports on investments and use of resources; and monitors the application of budgetary and project funds. The Trustee creates periodic reports that contain an array of fund-specific financial information. 

Source)

http://www.thegef.org/about/funding

 

Q5.

With reference to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)', consider the following statements:

1. It was adopted at the "Rio Earth Summit" in 1992.

2. It sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions and legally binding on all parties who ratified it.

3. It aims at eliminating greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. The UNFCCC is a "Rio Convention", one of three adopted at the "Rio Earth Summit" in 1992. Its sister Rio Conventions are the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention to Combat Desertification.

Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. The treaty itself is not legally binding as it does not set mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and doesn't contain any enforcement mechanisms.

The ultimate objective of the Convention is to "stabilize (and not eliminate) greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system." It states that "such a level should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner."

Source)

https://unfccc.int/

 

Q6.

With reference to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), consider the following statements:

1. It is a body of the United Nations.

2. It conducts scientific research on climate change across the world.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The IPCC works by assessing published literature and research works. It does not conduct its own scientific research. For all findings, author teams use defined language to characterize their degree of certainty in assessment conclusions. IPCC assessments point to areas of well-established knowledge and of evolving understanding, as well as where multiple perspectives exist in the literature.

Source) 

https://www.ipcc.ch/about/

https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/FS_what_ipcc.pdf

Q7.

With reference to the Global Cool Coalition, consider the following statements:

1. It is the first-ever global coalition on clean and efficient cooling. 

2. It is a unified front that links action across the Kigali Amendment, Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Both the statements are correct. The Global Cool Coalition is a unified front that links action across the Kigali Amendment, Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals. It is the first-ever global coalition on clean and efficient cooling, launched at the First Global Conference on Synergies between the 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement, which concluded on April 3, 2019, in Copenhagen, Denmark.

It is expected to inspire ambition, identify solutions and mobilise action to accelerate progress towards clean and efficient cooling. 

Besides the UN, it is supported by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, the Kigali Cooling Efficiency Program and Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL).

It includes government officials from Chile, Rwanda, Denmark as well as leaders from civil society, research and academia.

Source) 

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/energy/first-ever-global-coalition-for-clean-cooling-launched-63850

Q8.

Consider the following organizations:

1. The Conservation International

2. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

3. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 

4. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Which of the above organizations are active partners of the REDD(reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) Programme?

 

a) 1, 3 and 4 only
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

The UN-REDD Programme is the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) in developing countries. The Programme was launched in 2008 and builds on the convening role and technical expertise of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Hence, the correct answer is (b). 

The UN-REDD Programme supports nationally led REDD+ processes and promotes the informed and meaningful involvement of all stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and other forest-dependent communities, in national and international REDD+ implementation.

The Programme supports national REDD+ readiness efforts in partner countries, spanning Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

Source) 

https://www.unredd.net/about/un-redd-programme-governance.html

https://www.unredd.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2082&Itemid=515