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Q1

Consider the following statements:

1. The greater the genetic diversity, the greater the opportunity for resilience to future climate change.

2. The genes of all individuals belonging to the same species are not similar. 

3. The individuals belonging to the same species are capable of interbreeding. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q2

With reference to Kharai camel, consider the following statements:

1. They are well-adapted to the marine ecosystems and cannot survive in dry-land ecosystems.

2. They have excellent swimming capacity in seawater and graze mainly on mangrove and other saline species.

3. They are found only in the state of Gujarat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q3

With reference to the process of measurement of biodiversity, consider the following statements:

1. Low species evenness at a given site indicates that a few species dominate the site. 

2. As the environment changes, species best adapted to that environment becomes predominant. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q4

With reference to the status of biodiversity in India, consider the following statements:

1. India's contribution to the world’s biodiversity is approximately 8% of the total number of species.

2. Five of the thirty-six biodiversity hotspots in the world are in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q5

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must

1. have at least 1,5000 vascular plants as endemics

2. must have lost 70% of its original natural vegetation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q6

With reference to the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), consider the following statements:

1. It is a joint initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Energy Agency (IEA).

2. It aims to protect the world's biodiversity hotspots.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q7

Consider the following statements:

1. Conserving the animals and plants in their natural habitats is known as in-situ conservation. 

2. The reintroduction of Gangetic Gharial in the rivers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan is an example of in-situ conservation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q8

Consider the following statements:

1. Mangroves belong to the category of the tropical wetland rainforest ecosystem.

2. A mangrove ecosystem is the interface between terrestrial forests and aquatic marine ecosystems. 

3. West Bengal has the largest Mangrove cover in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q9

Consider the following statements:

1. In terms of plant diversity, India ranks tenth in the world and fourth in Asia.

2. In India, the maximum diversity of fungi lies in the western Himalayas. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q1.

Consider the following statements:

1. The greater the genetic diversity, the greater the opportunity for resilience to future climate change.

2. The genes of all individuals belonging to the same species are not similar. 

3. The individuals belonging to the same species are capable of interbreeding. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

 Biodiversity is a short form of biological diversity. It is the total number of genes, species, and ecosystems of a region. 

Statement 1 is correct. Genetic diversity is concerned with the variation in genes within a particular species. Genetic diversity allows species to adapt to changing environments. This diversity aims to ensure that some species survive drastic changes and thus carry on desirable genes. 

Statement 2 is incorrect. Genes are the basic biological unit of heredity. Genes of an individual belonging to the same species are similar and genes control the characteristics of particular species.

Statement 3 is correct. A species is a group of very similar having some common characteristics or qualities and capable of interbreeding. Species differ from one another, markedly in their genetic makeup, do not interbreed in nature. 

Source) 

Shankar IAS Environment book; Page number 123

https://www.nios.ac.in/media/documents/SecSocSciCour/English/Lesson-11.pdf

 

Q2.

With reference to Kharai camel, consider the following statements:

1. They are well-adapted to the marine ecosystems and cannot survive in dry-land ecosystems.

2. They have excellent swimming capacity in seawater and graze mainly on mangrove and other saline species.

3. They are found only in the state of Gujarat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect.  Kharai camels are well adapted to both dry-land as well as costal ecosystems. 

Statement 2 is correct. Kharai camels have excellent swimming capacity in sea water and graze mainly on mangrove and other saline species. Kharai camel can thrive on high saline water and tolerate high TDS.

Statement 3 is correct. Kharai camels are found only in the state of Gujarat. This breed was registered with the National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources in 2015.

Source)

https://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/climate-and-disaster-reslience/successstories/IBA2018.html

http://www.nbagr.res.in/kharai.html

 

Q3.

With reference to the process of measurement of biodiversity, consider the following statements:

1. Low species evenness at a given site indicates that a few species dominate the site. 

2. As the environment changes, species best adapted to that environment becomes predominant. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Biodiversity is measured by two major components i.e. species richness and species evenness. Species richness is the measure of number of species found in a community. 

Species evenness measures the proportion of species at a given site. For example, low evenness indicates that a few species dominate the site. Hence, statement 1 is correct. 

Statement 2 is correct. The diversity of species in the ecosystem is influenced by the nature of the ecosystem. As the environment changes, species best adapted to that environment becomes predominant. 

Source) Shankar IAS Environment book; Page number 124

 

Q4.

With reference to the status of biodiversity in India, consider the following statements:

1. India's contribution to the world’s biodiversity is approximately 8% of the total number of species.

2. Five of the thirty-six biodiversity hotspots in the world are in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. Although India has only 2.42% of the world’s land area but its contribution to the world’s biodiversity is approximately 8% of the total number of species which is estimated to be 1.75 million (As per Global Biodiversity Assessment of UNEP of 1995). 6% of the world species are found in India. 45000 plants species comprising about 12 % of the world's flora are found in Indian forests. 

Statement 2 is incorrect. India hosts 4 biodiversity hotspots out of 36 biodiversity hotspots identified as hotspots. They are the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland (Includes Nicobar group of Islands). These hotspots have numerous endemic species.

Source)

https://www.nios.ac.in/media/documents/SecSocSciCour/English/Lesson-11.pdf

https://www.conservation.org/priorities/biodiversity-hotspots

 

Q5.

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must

1. have at least 1,5000 vascular plants as endemics

2. must have lost 70% of its original natural vegetation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two strict criteria:

It must have at least 1,500 vascular plants as endemics- which is to say, it must have a high percentage of plant life found nowhere else on the planet. A hotspot, in other words, is irreplaceable. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. 

It must have 30% or less of its original natural vegetation. In other words, it must be threatened. Hence, statement 2 is correct. 

Source) 

https://www.conservation.org/priorities/biodiversity-hotspots

 

Q6.

With reference to the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF), consider the following statements:

1. It is a joint initiative of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Energy Agency (IEA).

2. It aims to protect the world's biodiversity hotspots.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. CEPF is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the European Union, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan and the World Bank.

Statement 2 is correct. The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) was founded in 2000. It aims to advance the conservation of Earth's biologically richest and most threatened areas, which are known as biodiversity hot-spots.

CEPF provides funding and technical assistance to civil groups, such as non-governmental organizations, community groups and private sector partners. It acts as a catalyst to create strategic working alliances among diverse groups, combining unique capacities and eliminating duplication of efforts for a comprehensive, coordinated approach to conservation challenges.

Source) https://www.cepf.net/about

https://www.conservation.org/priorities/biodiversity-hotspots

Q7.

Consider the following statements:

1. Conserving the animals and plants in their natural habitats is known as in-situ conservation. 

2. The reintroduction of Gangetic Gharial in the rivers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan is an example of in-situ conservation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Conserving the animals and plants in their natural habitats is known as in-situ conservation. The established natural habitats are:

  1. National Parks
  2. Sanctuaries
  3. Biosphere reserves
  4. Reserved forests
  5. Protected forests

Conserving biodiversity outside the areas where they naturally occur is known as ex-situ conservation. Here, animals are reared or plants are cultivated like zoological parks or botanical gardens. Reintroduction of an animal or plant into the habitat from where it has become extinct is another form of ex-situ conservation. For example, the Gangetic gharial has been reintroduced in the rivers of Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan where it had become extinct. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Source) Shankar IAS Environment book; Page number 125

 

Q8.

Consider the following statements:

1. Mangroves belong to the category of the tropical wetland rainforest ecosystem.

2. A mangrove ecosystem is the interface between terrestrial forests and aquatic marine ecosystems. 

3. West Bengal has the largest Mangrove cover in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. Mangroves are salt-tolerant vegetation that grows in intertidal regions of rivers and estuaries. They are referred to as ‘tidal forests’ and belong to the category of ‘tropical wetland rainforest ecosystem’.

Statement 2 is correct. A mangrove ecosystem is the interface between terrestrial forests and aquatic marine ecosystems.  Mangroves are trees and shrub species that grow at the interface between land and sea in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where the plants exist in conditions of salinity, tidal water flow and muddy soil.

The Mangroves ecosystem includes diversified habitats like mangrove-dominant forests, litter-laden forest floors, mudflats, coral reefs and contiguous water courses such as river estuaries, bays, inter-tidal waters, channels and backwaters. 

Statement 3 is correct. In India, West Bengal has the largest patch of Mangroves followed by Gujarat. 

Source)

https://www.downtoearth.org.in/blog/

 

Q9.

Consider the following statements:

1. In terms of plant diversity, India ranks tenth in the world and fourth in Asia.

2. In India, the maximum diversity of fungi lies in the western Himalayas. 

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. In terms of plant diversity, India ranks tenth in the world and fourth in Asia. India represents nearly 11% of the world’s known floral diversity.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Fungi are non-green non-differentiated plants characterised by a total absence of chlorophyll. They grow either on dead, rotten organic matters as saprophytes or live as parasites on other living bodies, which are referred to as hosts. The maximum diversity of fungi is in the Western Ghats followed by the eastern Himalaya and the western Himalaya.

Source)

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/mangrove-forests-in-indiawild-and-untamed/as69532238.cms