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Q1

Which of the following are Short-Lived Climate Pollutants?

1. Methane

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Black carbon

4. Hydrofluorocarbons

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

Q2

Consider the following statements about thermal pollution:

1. It reduces the oxygen capacity of the water body.

2. It reduces the growth of blue-green algae.

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q3

The worm called 'Tubificid' is known for? 

 

Q4

Which of the following are sources for the release of Mercury into the environment?

  1. Coal  burning
  2. Oil Refining
  3. Waste from products
  4. Cremation

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

Q5

The drug named ‘Diclofenac’ has been in the news, because

 

Q6

With reference to Fly Ash, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It can be used for the construction of structures on/underwater.

2. Utilisation of fly ash reduces CO2 emissions.

3. It improves soil microbial activities.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

Q7

With reference to acid rain, consider the following statements:

1. Burning of Sulphur containing coal can contribute to acid rain.

2. Acid rain does not react with buildings made from limestone.

3. Flue Gas Desulphurisation is an effective measure to control it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

Q8

India’s name in the ‘Emissions Gap Report 2019’ is seen sometimes, this report is released by

 

Q1.

Which of the following are Short-Lived Climate Pollutants?

1. Methane

2. Carbon dioxide

3. Black carbon

4. Hydrofluorocarbons

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 2 and 3 only
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Short-Lived Climate Pollutants are powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide (CO2), yet their potential to warm the atmosphere can be many times greater. Short-Lived Climate Pollutants include black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and are commonly associated with refrigeration, diesel-fueled vehicles, and solid-fuel cooking fires. Hence, options 1, 3 and 4 are correct. 

Source) 

https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange/brief/short-lived-climate-pollutant

Q2.

Consider the following statements about thermal pollution:

1. It reduces the oxygen capacity of the water body.

2. It reduces the growth of blue-green algae.

Which of the following statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Thermal pollution is the rise or fall in the temperature of a natural aquatic environment caused by human influence. Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees and vegetation that shade stream, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters, the release of cold water which lowers the temperature. The change in temperature impacts organisms by 

  1. Decreasing oxygen supply, and 
  2. Affecting ecosystem composition.

Warm water contains less oxygen. The elevated temperature typically decreases the level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in water. Hence, statement 1 is correct. 

Due to less oxygen in the water, there is a decrease in the rate of decomposition of organic matter. Green algae are replaced by less desirable blue-green algae. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. 

Source) Shankar IAS Environment book; Page number 74

 

Q3.

The worm called 'Tubificid' is known for? 

 

a) They tend to reduce biodiversity in the area where they are prevalent.
b) They are tolerant to highly polluted water.
c) Their extract is widely used in cosmetics.
d) None of the above.
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Tubificid worms live in a variety of aquatic habitats including sewer systems. They are usually associated with quiet waters containing plenty of silt and decaying organic materials. Many can tolerate low dissolved oxygen levels and high levels of organic pollutants. Thus they can be a sign of poor water quality. Such species are recognized as indicator species for polluted water.

Source)

https://nature.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/tubificid-worms-tubifex-worm

Q4.

Which of the following are sources for the release of Mercury into the environment?

  1. Coal  burning
  2. Oil Refining
  3. Waste from products
  4. Cremation

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

a) 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

All of the above are sources for the release of Mercury into the environment.

  • Mercury emitted into the air eventually settles into water or onto land where it can be washed into the water. Once deposited, certain microorganisms can change it into methylmercury, a highly toxic form that builds up in fish, shellfish and animals that eat fish. Most human exposure to mercury is from eating fish and shellfish contaminated with methylmercury. 
  • Mercury occurs naturally in the earth’s crust, but human activities, such as mining and fossil fuel combustion, have led to widespread global mercury pollution.
  • Anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions include mercury that is released from fuels or raw materials, or from uses in products or industrial processes.
  • As per the United Nations Environment Programme’s Global Mercury Assessment, 2018; globally, artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions (37.7%), followed by stationary combustion of coal (21%). Other large sources of emissions are non-ferrous metals production (15%) and cement production (11%). 
  • UNEP’s latest Global Mercury Assessment found that coal burning and other forms of fossil fuel and biomass combustion was responsible for about 24 per cent of global mercury emissions. Although coal contains only small concentrations of mercury, people tend to burn it in very large volumes.
  • Mercury is found in almost all oil and gas reservoirs, principally in the elemental (metallic) form but can react to form mercuric sulphide and soluble ionic mercury during production and processing.
  • Mercury can be found in beauty products, Electronics, Thermostats, batteries, paints etc. Waste of these items can release mercury in to the environment.
  • Cremation of dead bodies can be responsible for mercury pollution. A cremated body releases mercury from the dental amalgam in the teeth.

Source)

https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/mercury-emissions-global-context

https://ecocycle.com.au/dental-and-medical/reducing-mercury-pollution-cremations/

Q5.

The drug named ‘Diclofenac’ has been in the news, because

 

a) It creates antibiotic resistance in humans and animals.
b) It enters into the food chain and causes the death of vultures.
c) It is used in Poultry farming which results in the death of the human.
d) None of the above
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Diclofenac is an anti-inflammatory drug which is given to cattle to cure them of illnesses.

Diclofenacis are extremely toxic to vultures and cause renal failure. The Government of India banned the veterinary use of the drug in 2006 which was gazetted in 2008, but the misuse of multi-dose vials of human formulation of the drug in treating cattle was still causing mortality in vultures.

Source) 

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/sharp-decline-in-vulture-population-from-40-million-to-19000-prakash-javadekar/article28586530.ec

Q6.

With reference to Fly Ash, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. It can be used for the construction of structures on/underwater.

2. Utilisation of fly ash reduces CO2 emissions.

3. It improves soil microbial activities.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

a) 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Ash is produced whenever the combustion of solid material takes place. Fly ash is one such residue that rises with the gases into the atmosphere. Fly ash is generally captured by Electrostatic precipitators or other particle filtration equipment before the flue gases reach the chimneys of coal-fired power plants. Thus, capturing and using Fly ash in construction can reduce CO2 emissions. Hence, statement 2 is correct. 

Fly Ash in Agriculture:

  1. Improve permeability of the soil.
  2. Improve fertility status of soil/agriculture yield.
  3. Improve soil textural properties and soil aeration.
  4. Reduces soil bulk density and crust and compact formation.
  5. Improves water-holding capacity/porosity.
  6. Provides several micronutrients such as Mo, B, Fe, Zn, Cu. Etc.
  7. Alternative for gypsum for reclamation of sodic soils and lime for reclamation of acidic soils.
  8. Improves soil microbial activities in combination with other organic amendments. Hence, statement 3 is correct. 

Fly Ash in Portland Cement:

  1. Fly ash, being primarily pozzolanic, can actually replace a percentage of the Portland cement, to produce an even stronger, more durable and more environmentally friendly concrete.
  2. The initial compressive strength is low but as days pass, fly ash concrete gains more strength and eventually has a lot more strength as compared to normal Portland cement.
  3. Significantly reduces the release of CO2 into the atmosphere.
  4. Can be used for the construction of structures on/underwater.Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Source)

http://iced.cag.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/C-30/fly ash utilization.pd

Q7.

With reference to acid rain, consider the following statements:

1. Burning of Sulphur containing coal can contribute to acid rain.

2. Acid rain does not react with buildings made from limestone.

3. Flue Gas Desulphurisation is an effective measure to control it.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

 

a) 1 and 3 only
b) 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth

Statement 2 is incorrect. Acid rain reacts with buildings made from limestone.

Statement 3 is correct. Flue Gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes.

Source)

https://www.epa.gov/acidrain/what-acid-rain

https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/chemicals-and-contaminants/sulfur-dioxide

http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/196buildings.html

 

Q8.

India’s name in the ‘Emissions Gap Report 2019’ is seen sometimes, this report is released by

 

a) The World Bank
b) The United Nations Environment Programme
c) The World Meteorological Organization
d) The United Nations Development Programme
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

The Emissions Gap Report was released by the United Nations Environment Programme in December 2019, measures the gap between measures being done and measures to be done to tackle climate change.

The report warns that the Earth’s average temperature may rise by 3.2 degrees Celsius by 2100. Moreover, despite all scientific warnings and political commitments emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) couldn’t decrease globally.

The report was released prior to United Nations Climate Conference (COP-25) to be held in Spain from 2 December 2019. It states that GHG emissions have increased by 1.5% since last decade and that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have reached an all-time high figure of 55.3 gigatons.

Source)

https://www.unenvironment.org/interactive/emissions-gap-report/2019