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Q1

Which one of the following is a federal feature of Indian polity?

Q2

Consider the following statements:

1. A single state cannot request the Parliament to make a law on a state subject.

2. All-India services are recruited and trained jointly by the Centre and the states.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q3

Why did the framers of the Indian Constitution prefer the British parliamentary system over the presidential system of government of the United States of America?

1. The American system gives more responsibility but less stability.

2. The constitution-makers were familiar with the parliamentary system of government.

3. In order to avoid the conflicts between the legislature and the judiciary.

4. In order to ensure greater representation to various section.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Q4

Consider the following countries:

1. Russia

2. Switzerland

3. Japan

4. France

In which of the above countries a federal model of government is prevalent?

Q5

With reference to the difference between Federal and Unitary Governments, consider the following statements:

1. The constitution is always supreme in a federal form of government while the constitution may be or may not be supreme in case of unitary governments.

2. The Unitary form of governments always have unicameral legislature while the federal form of governments always have a Bicameral legislature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q6

With reference to the functions of the Inter-State Council, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Its functions are not mentioned in the Constitution.

2. Its function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is not complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q7

With reference to the functions of the Inter-State Council, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Its functions are not mentioned in the Constitution.

2. Its function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is not complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q8

With reference to the parliamentary system of government, consider the following statements:

1. In this form of government, the ministers depend on the mercy of the majority legislators for their continuity and survival in office.

2. This system of government is not conducive for the formulation and implementation of long-term policies.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q9

Who of the following are members of the Inter-State Council? 

1. The Home Minister of India

2. The Governors of all states

3. The Prime Minister of India

4. The Chief Ministers of all the states

5. The Chief Ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q1.

Which one of the following is a federal feature of Indian polity?

a) The All India Services.
b) A written constitution
c) The Single Citizenship system.
d) A judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top and the state high courts below it.
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

The features like All India Service, Integrated judiciary and Single citizenship are Unitary features of Indian polity. On the other hand, a written constitution is a federal feature as it empowers the central government and state governments both for their power and roles in governance.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 13

Q2.

Consider the following statements:

1. A single state cannot request the Parliament to make a law on a state subject.

2. All-India services are recruited and trained jointly by the Centre and the states.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. A single state cannot request the Parliament to make a law on a state subject.

When the legislatures of two or more states pass resolutions requesting the Parliament to enact laws on a matter in the State List, then the Parliament can make laws for regulating that matter. A law so enacted applies only to those states which have passed the resolutions. However, any other state may adopt it afterwards by passing a resolution to that effect in its legislature. Such a law can be amended or repealed only by the Parliament and not by the legislatures of the concerned states.

Statement 2 is incorrect. There are three all-India services. They are IAS, IPS and IFS. The members of these services occupy top positions (or key posts) under both the Centre and the states and serve them by turns. But, they are recruited and trained by the Centre.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 14

Q3.

Why did the framers of the Indian Constitution prefer the British parliamentary system over the presidential system of government of the United States of America?

1. The American system gives more responsibility but less stability.

2. The constitution-makers were familiar with the parliamentary system of government.

3. In order to avoid the conflicts between the legislature and the judiciary.

4. In order to ensure greater representation to various section.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 and 4 only
b) 2 and 4 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Although a plea was made in favour of US presidential system of government in the Constituent Assembly, the founding fathers preferred the British parliamentary system due to the following reasons:

1. Familiarity with the system: The Constitution-makers were somewhat familiar with the parliamentary system as it had been in operation in India during the British rule. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

2. Preference to more responsibility: The American system gives more stability but less responsibility. The British system, on the other hand, gives more responsibility but less stability. The Draft Constitution in recommending the parliamentary system of Executive has preferred more responsibility to more stability. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

3. Need to avoid legislative—executive conflicts: The framers of the Constitution wanted to avoid the conflicts between the legislature and the executive which are bound to occur in the presidential system prevalent in USA. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

4. Nature of Indian Society: India is one of the most heterogeneous States and most complex plural societies in the world. Hence, the Constitution-makers adopted the parliamentary system as it offers greater scope for giving representation to various section, interests and regions in the government. This promotes a national spirit among the people and builds a united India. Hence, statement 4 is correct.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 12

Q4.

Consider the following countries:

1. Russia

2. Switzerland

3. Japan

4. France

In which of the above countries a federal model of government is prevalent?

a) 3 and 4 only
b) 1, 2 and 4 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Britain, France, Japan, China, Italy, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Spain and so on have the unitary model of government while the US, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Argentina and so on have the federal model of government. Hence, the correct answer is (d).

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 13

 

 

Q5.

With reference to the difference between Federal and Unitary Governments, consider the following statements:

1. The constitution is always supreme in a federal form of government while the constitution may be or may not be supreme in case of unitary governments.

2. The Unitary form of governments always have unicameral legislature while the federal form of governments always have a Bicameral legislature.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. The constitution is always supreme in a Federal form of governments while the constitution may be or may not be supreme in case of Unitary Governments. For example: The constitution is supreme in Japan or not supreme in Britain. Both the countries have unitary form of government.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The legislature of unitary governments may be bicameral (Britain) or unicameral (China).

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 13

 

Q6.

With reference to the functions of the Inter-State Council, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Its functions are not mentioned in the Constitution.

2. Its function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is not complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. Article 263 specifies the duties that can be assigned to it in the following manner:

  1. enquiring into and advising upon disputes which may arise between states;
  2. investigating and discussing subjects in which the states or the Centre and the states have a common interest; and
  3. making recommendations upon any such subject, and particularly for the better coordination of policy and action on it.

The council’s function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction under Article 131 to decide a legal controversy between the governments. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 15

Q7.

With reference to the functions of the Inter-State Council, which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Its functions are not mentioned in the Constitution.

2. Its function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is not complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. Article 263 specifies the duties that can be assigned to it in the following manner:

  1. enquiring into and advising upon disputes which may arise between states;
  2. investigating and discussing subjects in which the states or the Centre and the states have a common interest; and
  3. making recommendations upon any such subject, and particularly for the better coordination of policy and action on it.

The council’s function to enquire and advice upon inter-state disputes is complementary to the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction under Article 131 to decide a legal controversy between the governments. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 15

Q8.

With reference to the parliamentary system of government, consider the following statements:

1. In this form of government, the ministers depend on the mercy of the majority legislators for their continuity and survival in office.

2. This system of government is not conducive for the formulation and implementation of long-term policies.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. The parliamentary system does not provide a stable government. There is no guarantee that a government can survive its tenure. The ministers depend on the mercy of the majority legislators for their continuity and survival in office. A no-confidence motion or political defection or evils of the multiparty coalition can make the government unstable. The Government headed by Morarji Desai, Charan Singh, V P Singh, Chandra Sekhar, Deva Gowda and I K Gujral are some such examples.

Statement 2 is correct. The parliamentary system is not conducive for the formulation and implementation of long-term policies. This is due to the uncertainty of the tenure of the government. A change in the ruling party is usually followed by changes in the policies of the government. For example, the Janata Government headed by Morarji Desai in 1977 reversed a large number of policies of the previous Congress Government. The same was repeated by the Congress government after it came back to power in 1980.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 13

 

Q9.

Who of the following are members of the Inter-State Council? 

1. The Home Minister of India

2. The Governors of all states

3. The Prime Minister of India

4. The Chief Ministers of all the states

5. The Chief Ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 2 and 3 only
b) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
c) 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
d) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

In pursuance of the above recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission, the Janata Dal Government headed by V. P. Singh established the Inter-State Council in 1990.5 It consists of the following members:

  1. The Prime minister as the Chairman
  2. The Chief ministers of all the states
  3. The Chief ministers of union territories having legislative assemblies
  4. The Administrators of union territories not having legislative assemblies
  5. The Governors of States under President’s rule. Hence, the correct answer is (c).

Six Central cabinet ministers, including the home minister, to be nominated by the Prime Minister.

Five Ministers of Cabinet rank / Minister of State (independent charge) nominated by the Chairman of the Council (i.e., Prime Minister) are permanent invitees to the Council.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 15