Statement 1 is incorrect. Some Fundamental Rights are available to both citizens and foreigners (except enemy aliens):

1. Equality before the law and equal protection of laws (Article 14).
2. Protection in respect of conviction for offences (Article 20).
3. Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21).

Statement 2 and 3 are correct. The word fundamental suggests that these rights are so important that the Constitution has separately listed them and made special provisions for their protection. The Fundamental Rights are so important that the Constitution itself ensures that they are not violated by the government.

Fundamental Rights are protected and guaranteed by the constitution of the country. A fundamental right may only be changed by amending the Constitution itself. Besides this, no organ of the government can act in a manner that violates them. The judiciary has the powers and responsibility to protect the fundamental rights from violations by actions of the government. Executive as well as legislative actions can be declared illegal by the judiciary if these violate the fundamental rights or restrict them in an unreasonable manner.

Source) Indian Constitution at Work; Chapter 2; Page number 29

The 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 added four new Directive Principles to the original list. They require the State:

1. To secure opportunities for the healthy development of children (Article 39).

2. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).

3. To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).

4. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife (Article 48 A). Hence, statement (d) is correct.

The 44^th Amendment Act of 1978 added one more Directive Principle, which requires the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities.

The right to equality (article 18) provides that the state shall confer no title on a person except those who excel themselves in the military or academic field. Thus, the right to equality strives to make India a true democracy by ensuring a sense of equality of dignity and status among all its citizens.

The hereditary titles of nobility like Maharaja, Raj Bahadur, Rai Bahadur, Rai Saheb, Dewan Bahadur, etc, which were conferred by colonial States are banned by Article 18 as these are against the principle of equal status of all.

Article 18 abolishes titles and makes four provisions in that regard:

(a) It prohibits the state from conferring any title (except a military or academic distinction) on any body, whether a citizen or a foreigner.

(b) It prohibits a citizen of India from accepting any title from any foreign state.

(c) A foreigner holding any office of profit or trust under the state cannot accept any title from any foreign state without the consent of the president.

(d) No citizen or foreigner holding any office of profit or trust under the State is to accept any present, emolument or office from or under any foreign State without the consent of the president.

Source) Indian Constitution at Work; chapter 2; page number 32

All the statements are correct.

According to the Right to Freedom of Religion, everyone enjoys the right to follow the religion of his or her choice. Freedom of religion also includes the freedom of conscience. This means that a person may choose any religion or may choose not to follow any religion. Freedom of religion includes the freedom to profess, follow and propagate any religion.

Freedom of religion is subject to certain limitations. The government can impose restrictions on the practice of freedom of religion in order to protect public order, morality and health. The Constitution does not allow forcible conversions. It only gives us the right to spread information about our religion and thus attract others to it.

Source) Indian Constitution at Work; Chapter 2; Page number 38

Statement 1 is correct. The Fundamental Rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution from Articles 12 to 35. The Fundamental Rights are meant for promoting the ideal of political democracy. They prevent the establishment of an authoritarian and despotic rule in the country and protect the liberties and freedoms of the people against the invasion by the State.

Statement 2 is correct. Article 32 of the Constitution confers the right to remedies for the enforcement of the fundamental rights of an aggrieved citizen. The right to get the Fundamental Rights protected is, in itself, a fundamental right.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Supreme Court (under Article 32) and also the High Courts (under Article 226) can issue the writs of Habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, and certiorari and quo-warranto. Thus, the writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is not both original and exclusive in enforcing Fundamental Rights.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 

Statement 1 is incorrect. The term ‘untouchability’ has not been defined either in the Constitution or in the Untouchability (offences) Act of 1955. However, the Mysore High Court held that the subject matter of Article 17 is not untouchability in its literal or grammatical sense but the ‘practice as it had developed historically in the country’. It refers to the social disabilities imposed on certain classes of persons by reason of their birth in certain castes.

Statement 2 is correct. As per the Representation of People Act (1951), a person shall be disqualified for being chosen as and for being a member of the legislative assembly or legislative council of a state if he/she is found preaching and practicing social crimes such as untouchability, dowry and sati.

 Statement 3 is correct. A person convicted of the offence of ‘untouchability’ is disqualified for election to the Parliament or state legislature.

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 7

• Article 14 of the Constitution of India commands the State not to deny to any person ‘equality before law’, it also commands the State not to deny the ‘equal protection of the laws’.
• Article 15 secures the citizens from every sort of discrimination by the State, on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth or any of them. However, this Article does not prevent the State from making any special provisions for women or children.
• Article 16 assures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from any sort of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them.
• The Supreme Court held that the right under Article 17 is available against private individuals and it is the constitutional obligation of the State to take necessary action to ensure that this right is not violated. Hence, the correct answer is (D).

Source) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth; chapter 7

Statement 1, 2 and 3 are correct. They are all parts of the Directive Principles of State Policy:

1. To promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of cooperative societies (Article 43B).
2. To organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines (Article 48).
3. To organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific
4. lines (Article 48).

Statement 4 is incorrect. The DPSP talks about providing health and care for workers and children under Article 39 of the Constitution but do not mention of free medical facilities to all the citizens of the country. The public health-related directive principles: 

1. To raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living of people and to improve public health (Article 47).