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Q1

Which of the following element(s) can be attributed to the Indo-Saracenic architecture tradition?

1. Stylised shapes

2. Trabeation

3. Surface decorations

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q2

Consider the following statements:

1. The making of bronze images of traditional icons reached its zenith in South India during the ancient period.

2. The image of Shiva seated in ardhaparyanka asana belongs to the Pallava period.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q3

Which of the following was a part of the Vajrayana phase in Buddhism?

Q4

With reference to the sculpture tradition in ancient India, consider the following statements:

1. The bronze sculptures and statuettes were exclusively associated with the Hindu religion.

2. The cire-perdu process was used to make sculptures as well as articles for various purposes of daily use.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q5

The Pietra dura tradition dealt with

Q6

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the bronze images of Vakataka and Guptas?

1. They were contemporary to each other.

2. The Gupta images were non-portable while the Vakatakas were portable.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q7

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the bronze sculpture of Nataraja made during the Chola period?

1. Shiva has been shown balancing himself on his right leg.

2. Shiva has been shown holding the damaru with his upper right hand.

3. Shiva's hair locks fly on the left sides.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Q8

Which of the following monument was associated with Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki?

Q1.

Which of the following element(s) can be attributed to the Indo-Saracenic architecture tradition?

1. Stylised shapes

2. Trabeation

3. Surface decorations

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 3 only
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

The Indo-Saracenic or Indo-Islamic architecture showcases multiple styles resulted of constant assimilation of architectural elements existed in India and the elements brought to India by the Muslims. Muslims absorbed many features of local cultures and traditions and combined them with their own architectural practices. Thus, a mix of many structural techniques, stylized shapes, and surface decorations came into practice. Hence, statements 1 and 3 are correct.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Trabeation or the use of beams in architectural construction was known to Indian architectures before the arrival of Muslims. 

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 8; Page number 109

Q2.

Consider the following statements:

1. The making of bronze images of traditional icons reached its zenith in South India during the ancient period.

2. The image of Shiva seated in ardhaparyanka asana belongs to the Pallava period.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. The bronze casting technique and the making of bronze images of traditional icons reached a high stage of development in South India during the medieval period. Bronze images were modelled and cast during the Pallava Period in the eighth and ninth centuries. But, some of the most beautiful and exquisite statues were produced during the Chola Period in Tamil Nadu from the tenth to the twelfth century.

Statement 2 is correct. The image of Shiva seated in ardhaparyanka asana belongs to the Pallava period. In ardhaparyanka asana, one leg is kept dangling. The right hand is in the achamana mudra gesture, suggesting that he is about the drink poison.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 7; Page number 107

 

Q3.

Which of the following was a part of the Vajrayana phase in Buddhism?

a) The repudiation of tantras
b) The worship of female goddesses
c) The worship of Buddha as a Human being
d) The worship of Buddha as a God
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Vajrayana Buddhism is an evolution of Mahayana Buddhism which places great emphasis on the use of certain tantras—traditional spiritual techniques in order to obtain enlightenment as quickly as possible. It was developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia. Worship of female goddesses is a part of the Vajrayana phase in Buddhism.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 7; Page number 107

 

Q4.

With reference to the sculpture tradition in ancient India, consider the following statements:

1. The bronze sculptures and statuettes were exclusively associated with the Hindu religion.

2. The cire-perdu process was used to make sculptures as well as articles for various purposes of daily use.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is incorrect. Bronze sculptures and statuettes were not exclusively associated with the Hindu religion. Bronze sculptures and statuettes of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain icons have been discovered from many regions of India dating from the second century until the sixteenth century. Examples: images of Jain Tirthankaras discovered from Chausa, Bihar; Kaliyadaman Chola bronze sculpture of Tamil Nadu and Buddha image at Sultanganj, Bihar.

Most of the icons were required for ritual worship and are characterised by exquisite beauty and aesthetic appeal.

Statement 2 is correct. The cire-perdu or ‘lost-wax’ process for casting was learnt as long ago as the Indus Valley Culture. Along with it was discovered the process of making alloy of metals by mixing copper, zinc and tin which is called bronze.

The metal-casting process continued to be utilised for making articles for various purposes of daily use, such as utensils for cooking, eating, drinking, etc. Present-day tribal communities also utilise the ‘lost-wax’ process for their art expressions.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 7; page number 103

 

Q5.

The Pietra dura tradition dealt with

a) Construction of water canals in front of forts.
b) Construction of Persian-style garden layout.
c) Decoration of surface or wall.
d) All of the above.
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Pietra dura tradition is related to surface decoration. In this tradition, pictorial mosaic work using semi-precious stones were done on surface, furniture or on the wall.

At times lapis lazuli was used in the interior walls or on canopies. The Mughals introduced this unique tradition of decoration in India.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 8; Page number 111

Q6.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the bronze images of Vakataka and Guptas?

1. They were contemporary to each other.

2. The Gupta images were non-portable while the Vakatakas were portable.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 is correct. Vakataka bronze images of the Buddha from Phophnar, Maharashtra, are contemporary with the Gupta period bronzes. They show the influence of the Amaravati style of Andhra Pradesh in the third century CE and at the same time there is a significant change in the draping style of the monk’s robe. Buddha’s right hand in abhaya mudra is free so that the drapery clings to the right side of the body

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Gupta and Vakataka bronzes images were portable and monks carried them from place to place for the purpose of individual worship or to be installed in Buddhist viharas. In this manner the refined classical style spread to different parts of India and to Asian countries overseas.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 7; Page number 104

Q7.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the bronze sculpture of Nataraja made during the Chola period?

1. Shiva has been shown balancing himself on his right leg.

2. Shiva has been shown holding the damaru with his upper right hand.

3. Shiva's hair locks fly on the left sides.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Statement 1 and 2 are correct.

  • In the Chola period bronze sculpture Nataraja, Shiva has been shown balancing himself on his right leg and suppressing the apasmara, the demon of ignorance or forgetfulness, with the foot of the same leg.
  • At the same time he raises his left leg in bhujangatrasita stance, which represents tirobhava, that is kicking away the veil of maya or illusion from the devotee’s mind. His four arms are outstretched and the main right hand is posed in abhaya hasta or the gesture suggesting.
  • The upper right holds the damaru his favourite musical instrument to keep on the beat tala. The upper left hand carries a flame while the main left hand is held in dola hasta and connects with the abhaya hasta of the right hand. His hair locks fly on both the sides touching the circular jvala mala or the garland of flames which surrounds the entire dancing figuration. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 7; Page number 107

Q8.

Which of the following monument was associated with Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki?

a) Chand Minar
b) Buland Darwaza
c) Charminar
d) Qutub Minar
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

The Qutub Minar in Delhi was associated with the much-revered saint of Delhi, Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki.

Source) AN INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN ART; Chapter 8; Page number 114