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Q1

Consider the following statements regarding the formation of planets.

1. Planetesimals are small bodies which come together to form planets.

2. Any planet that is formed can be said to have been evolved from a star.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q2

With reference to the solar system, consider the following statements:

1. Jovian planets have not experienced removal of gases due to low intensity of solar wind.

2. Terrestrial planets could not hold escaping gases due to their high gravity.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q3

What is the Asthenosphere?

Q4

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the structure of the earth’s interior?

1. The crust composed mainly of the Iron and Nickle.

2. The earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.

3. The core of the earth is denser than the crust.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q5

 Consider the following statements:

1. All natural earthquakes take place in the core of the earth and the waves travel in all directions.

2. Volcanic eruption and magnatic field are direct sources of obtaining direct information about the earth's interior. 

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect.

Q6

Consider the following pairs:

1. Hot Spring: heated water seeps inside earth surface, dissolves mineral and gain medicinal value.

2. Sills: Horizontal intrusion of magma in bedding planes of Sedimentary rocks. 

3. Geysers: superheated steam emitted out of surface like an explosion. 

4. Dykes: Vertical narrow walls of igneous rocks within the sedimentary layers. 

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

 

Q7

Consider the following statements:

1. Plutonic rocks are formed due to cooling of lava on the surface of the Earth.

2. Igneous rocks are developed during volcanic eruptions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct. 

 

Q8

Which among the following are the evidences in support of the Continental Drift Theory?

1. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil Coast matches with those from western Africa. 

2. Presence of Tillite in India, Africa, Madagascar, Falkland Island, Australia and Antarctica.

3. Placer Deposits of gold in Ghana Coast even though source rock is absent.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

Q1.

Consider the following statements regarding the formation of planets.

1. Planetesimals are small bodies which come together to form planets.

2. Any planet that is formed can be said to have been evolved from a star.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Both the statements are correct. Planetesimals are small rock fragments that combined together to eventually form the planet. A planetesimal is an object formed from Planets are formed from the protoplanetary disks that form around stars as part of the process of star formation.

The planetesimal theory was suggested by the Russian astronomer Viktor Safronov.

Source)

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; page number 16

 

Q2.

With reference to the solar system, consider the following statements:

1. Jovian planets have not experienced removal of gases due to low intensity of solar wind.

2. Terrestrial planets could not hold escaping gases due to their high gravity.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Statement 1 is correct. Jovian planets have not experienced removal of gases due to low intensity of solar wind. A planet designated as Jovian is hence a gas giant, composed primarily of hydrogen and helium gas with varying degrees of heavier elements. Thus, there is no impact of the solar wind.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Higher, gravity helps in capacity of holding gases.

Q3.

What is the Asthenosphere?

a) The upper portion of the crust
b) The lower portion of the mantle
c) The upper portion of the mantle
d) The boundary between the crust and the mantle
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle. The mantle extends from Moho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2,900 km. The upper portion of the mantle is called asthenosphere.

Source) FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; Page number 25

Q4.

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the structure of the earth’s interior?

1. The crust composed mainly of the Iron and Nickle.

2. The earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.

3. The core of the earth is denser than the crust.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. It is the earth's core which is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. Thus the core is commonly known as Nife. 

Statement 2 is correct. The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle are called lithosphere. Its thickness ranges from 10-200 km. The lower mantle extends beyond the asthenosphere. It is in solid state.

Statement 3 is correct. Core is the most-dense layer of the earth. The density of material at the mantle core boundary is around 5 g/cm3 and at the centre of the earth at 6,300 km, the density value is around 13g/cm3. 

Source)

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; 26

 

C:\\Users\\HP\\Desktop\\earth's interior.jpg

 

Q5.

 Consider the following statements:

1. All natural earthquakes take place in the core of the earth and the waves travel in all directions.

2. Volcanic eruption and magnatic field are direct sources of obtaining direct information about the earth's interior. 

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect.

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : c)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere. The lithosphere refers to the portion of depth up to 200 km from the surface of the earth. An instrument called ‘seismograph’ records the waves reaching the surface.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information. As and when the molten material (magma) is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during volcanic eruption it becomes available for laboratory analysis.

On the other hand, gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity are indirect sources to get information about the Earth's interior. 

Source) FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; Page number 21 and 22

Q6.

Consider the following pairs:

1. Hot Spring: heated water seeps inside earth surface, dissolves mineral and gain medicinal value.

2. Sills: Horizontal intrusion of magma in bedding planes of Sedimentary rocks. 

3. Geysers: superheated steam emitted out of surface like an explosion. 

4. Dykes: Vertical narrow walls of igneous rocks within the sedimentary layers. 

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

 

a) 2, 3 and 4 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
Solution : a)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Pairs 2, 3 and 4 are correctly matched. Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermal heated groundwater that rises from the Earth's crust. Water from hot springs has high mineral content, containing everything from calcium to lithium and even radium.

Source) GC Leong; chapter 3

 

Q7.

Consider the following statements:

1. Plutonic rocks are formed due to cooling of lava on the surface of the Earth.

2. Igneous rocks are developed during volcanic eruptions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct. 

 

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Solution : b)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Statement 2 is correct. The lava that is released during volcanic eruptions on cooling develops into igneous rocks. The cooling may take place either on reaching the surface or also while the lava is still in the crustal portion. Depending on the location of the cooling of the lava, igneous rocks are classified as volcanic rocks (cooling at the surface) and plutonic rocks (cooling in the crust). The lava that cools within the crustal portions assumes different forms. These forms are called intrusive forms. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. 

Source) FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; Page number 27

 

Q8.

Which among the following are the evidences in support of the Continental Drift Theory?

1. The belt of ancient rocks from Brazil Coast matches with those from western Africa. 

2. Presence of Tillite in India, Africa, Madagascar, Falkland Island, Australia and Antarctica.

3. Placer Deposits of gold in Ghana Coast even though source rock is absent.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

 

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution : d)
Unattempted. Explanation :-

Exp) Reason- Evidence in support of continental drift theory are:

1. Matching of continents – Shoreline of Africa and South America facing each other have remarkable similarity 

2. Belt of ancient Rocks of Brazilian coast matches those from western Africa.

3. Tillite of Gondwana system in India, Africa, Australia , Antarctica , Madagascar and Falkland Island have overall resemblance.

4. Occurrence of gold deposits on th e Ghana coast while presence of gold bearing veins in Brazil 

5. Distribution of Fossils across continents eg- observation that lemurs occur in India, Madagascar and Africa.

Source) FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY; Chapter 4; page number 31