Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. All celestial bodies do not have their own heat and light. The celestial bodies that have their own heat and light are called stars. They emit heat and light in large amounts. They are very big and hot. They are made up of gases.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Moon is a celestial body. The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies.

Statement 3 is correct. While watching the night sky, we notice various patterns formed by different groups of stars. These are called constellations. Ursa Major or Big Bear is one such constellation. One of the most easily recognisable constellations is the Saptarishi.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 1

Exp) Statement 1 is correct. The sun is in the centre of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. The sun is the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Mercury is nearest to the sun. Sun is our nearest star. It is about 150 million km away from the earth.

Statement 3 is incorrect. It is a New moon night or Amavasya, on this day, we can watch the night sky best, provided it is a clear night.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 1

Exp) Statement 1 is correct. The mid-day sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area, therefore, receives the maximum heat and is called the Torrid Zone.

Statement 2 is correct. The mid-day sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The angle of the sun’s rays goes on decreasing towards the poles. Therefore, the latitudes beyond Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn have moderate temperatures. This zone is called Temperate Zones.

Statement 3 is correct. Frigid Zones (Very Cold) are areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere. Here the sun does not rise much above the horizon. Therefore, its rays are always slanting and provide less heat.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 3

Exp) Both the statements are correct. South West Monsoon is marked by the onset and advance of the monsoon. The winds blow from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.

During the retreating monsoon, season winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern parts of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 8

Exp) Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. On 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. The rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer. As a result, these areas receive more heat. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. At this time in the Southern Hemisphere, all these conditions are reversed. It is winter season there. The nights are longer than the days. This position of the earth is called the Summer Solstice.

Pair 2 is correctly matched. On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn (23½° S), a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light.

Pair 3 is incorrectly matched. On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun; so, the whole earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This is called an equinox.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 3

Exp) Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Asia is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains on the west. The combined landmass of Europe and Asia is called Eurasia (Europe + Asia). Europe lies to the west of Asia. The Arctic Circle passes through it. It is bound by water bodies on three sides. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 5

Exp) Statement 1 and 2 are correct.

Glaciers form when snow remains in one location long enough to transform into ice. Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice.

In physical geography and geology, a horst is a raised fault block bounded by normal faults. A horst is a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted or has remained stationary, while the land on either side (graben) has subsided.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Waterfalls are common features of plateau landforms. A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area. In the plateau areas, there may be several waterfalls as the river falls from a great height. In India, the Hundru falls in the Chhotanagpur plateau on the river Subarnarekha and the Jog falls in Karnataka are examples of such waterfalls.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 5

Exp) Statement 1 is correct. India is located in the northern hemisphere. From south to north, mainland of India extends between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitudes.

Statement 2 is incorrect. India's North to South extent is longer than the East to West extent. The north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km. And the east-west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km. From west to east, India extends between 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitudes.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30'N) passes almost halfway through the country. The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states. They are Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram.

Source)

The Earth-Our Habitat

Chapter 7