Exp) Statement 1 is correct. Spectrum represents a collection of different types of electromagnetic radiations of different wavelengths. All communication signals work on these spectrums. Different types of services like space communication, mobile communication, broadcasting, radio navigation, mobile satellite service, aeronautical satellite services, defense communication, etc. 

Statement 2 is incorrect. In India, for domestic purposes, the spectrum is allocated by the Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC) wing of the Ministry of Communication. It was created in 1952.  

Source) 

Chapter 12; Page number 268

Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. RAM is normally associated with volatile types of memory (such as DRAM modules), where stored information is lost if power is removed, although non-volatile RAM has also been developed.  Other types of non-volatile memories exist that allow random access for read operations, but either do not allow write operations or have other kinds of limitations on them. These include most types of ROM and a type of flash memory called NOR-Flash. 

Statement 2 is correct. A random-access memory device allows data items to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. In contrast, with other direct-access data storage media such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the older magnetic tapes and drum memory, the time required to read and write data items varies significantly depending on their physical locations on the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations such as media rotation speeds and arm movement.

Source)

Science & technology by Ravi Agrahari, page 305

Exp) Both the statements are correct. A cloud computing system keeps its critical data on internet servers rather than distributing copies of data files to individual client devices. Video-sharing cloud services like Netflix, for example, stream data across the internet to a player application on the viewing device rather than sending customers DVD or BluRay physical discs. Yahoo email or Gmail are simple examples of cloud computing. 

Source) Chapter 12; page number 273

Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. Big data describes a large volume of data, including both structured and unstructured. 

BigData' could be found in three forms:

1. Structured

2. Unstructured

3. Semi-structured

Statement 2 is correct. Following are some examples of Big Data: 

1. The New York Stock Exchange:  Transactions

2. Facebook; this data is mainly generated in terms of photo and video uploads, message exchanges, putting comments, etc.

Source)

Chapter 12; page number 276

Exp) Following are the benefits of Big Data Processing:

1. Improved customer service

2. Businesses can utilize outside intelligence while taking decisions

3. Early identification of risk to the product/services, if any

4. Better operational efficiency

5. Time and cost reduction

Exp) Statements 1 is correct. Radio frequency is a natural resource but unlike other natural resources, its major limitation is that it will deplete on use. It will be wasted if not used efficiently.  

Statement 2 is incorrect. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves and they travel at the speed of light in free space.

The equation that joins frequency and length is the following: speed of light (c) = frequency x wavelength.

In the equation you can see that, if the RF frequency increases, its wavelength decreases.

Source)

Chapter 12; page number 268

Exp) Option 1, 2 and 3 are correct.  In computing, ambient intelligence (AmI) refers to electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people. It is a setup of electronic devices that observes records, analyze and responds to the human environment.  

They have the ability to model user behaviour, activity, prediction and recognition, decision making and controlling. 

Ambient Intelligence has a wide range of applications like smart homes, which smartly interact with residents; health-related applications, where patients' activity can be monitored, analysed and a quick and automatic decision can be taken; public transportation system, where traffic can be managed efficiently.

Source)

Chapter 12; page number 289

Exp) Statement 1 is incorrect. Quantum supremacy refers to a problem-solving process by the quantum computer that cannot be solved by a classical computer in its normal lifetime. The concept is related to the speed at which a quantum computer performs. Quantum computers are different from binary digital electronic computers that are based on transistors (a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power).

The common digital computing requires the data to be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite states (0 or 1). Quantum computation uses quantum bits (qubits). Hence, Statement 2 is correct. 

Source)

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/what-is-quantum-supremacy/article29543857.ece

• Both statements 1 and 2 are Correct:

• A quantum computer is a device that performs quantum computing. They are different from binary digital electronic computers based on transistors. Whereas common digital computing requires that the data be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite states (0 or 1), quantum computation uses quantum bits, which can be in superpositions of states.

• Quantum computers operate according to two key principles of quantum physics: superposition and entanglement.

• Superposition means that each qubit can represent both a 1 and a 0 at the same time. Entanglement means that qubits in a superposition can be correlated with each other; that is, the state of one (whether it is a 1 or a 0) can depend on the state of another.

• Using these two principles, qubits can act as more sophisticated switches, enabling quantum computers to function in ways that allow them to solve difficult problems that are intractable using today’s computers.

• Both Statement 1 and 2 is Correct:

• Virtual Reality or virtual realities is also called an immersive multimedia or computer-simulated reality. It is a computer technology replicating an environment, real or imagined, wherein, a user’s physical presence and environment are simultaneous with user interaction.

  • VR artificially creates the experience of senses, including sight, touch, hearing and smell.

  • Either a computer screen or a special virtual reality headset, display the most up-to-date virtual realities. Some simulators consist of additional sensory information and focus on real sounds with the help of speakers or headphones.

  • Currently, some advanced haptic systems consist of physical information, which is usually termed as force feedback in applications of medical, gaming and military.

• Dtrack is a virus that has been developed by a North Korean hacker group called Lazarus. It allows hackers to get complete control over a device and they can extract data, remotely. Recently Dtrack RAT (remote administration tool) infiltrate security systems of Nuclear Plants in India.

Both Pegasus and Chrysaor are harmful spyware. Pegasus is spyware that can be installed on devices running certain versions of iOS, Apple's mobile operating system, developed by the Israeli cyber arms firm, NSO Group. Chrysaor Malware is the Android version of Pegasus Spyware. Pegasus and Chrysaor spyware are in the news after Whatsapp Snooping row.

• Statement 1 is Correct: NCCC is a multi-stakeholder cyber-security and e-surveillance agency has been set up to scan the country’s web traffic to detect cybersecurity threats.

Statement 2 is Incorrect: NCCC is implemented by Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), Under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology(MEITY).

• Indian Government announced National Cyber Security Policy 2013 with these important features:

  • To form a secure and flexible cyber space.

  • To have a safe and secure cyber ecosystem and generate belief and trust in IT transactions.

  • To setup  a 24x7 National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre.

  • To test all Information and Communication Technology(ICT) based products and certify them.

  • To create a workforce of 500,000professionals in the field of ICT.

• The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team shall serve as the national agency for performing the following functions in the area of cyber security,–(a) collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents;(b) forecast and alerts of cyber security incidents;(c) emergency measures for handling cyber security incidents; (d) coordination of cyber incidents response activities;(e) issue guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes and white papers relating to information security practices, procedures, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents;(f) such other functions relating to cyber security as may be prescribed.

• Any service provider, intermediaries, data centres, body corporate or person who fails to provide the information called for or comply with the above section shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or with both.

• Wearable technology is a category of electronic devices that can be worn as accessories, embedded in clothing, implanted in the user's body, or even tattooed on the skin. The devices are hands-free gadgets with practical uses, powered by microprocessors and enhanced with the ability to send and receive data via the Internet.

• Location-and position-tracking sensors (i.e., GPS, altimeter, magnetometer, compasses, and accelerometers) are the most common type of sensors on wearable devices, such as activity trackers, smartwatches, and even medical wearables where they are used to check the physical activity and health of patients.

• Fitness trackers, also known as activity trackers, are typically worn on the wrist, chest, or ears, and are designed to monitor and track outdoor sport activities and measure fitness-related metrics, such as the speed and distance of running, exhalation, pulse rate, and sleeping habits.

In more recent times, there has been a new surge in wearable technology worn on the ear, referred to as hearables. Hearing-Aids is a category of hearables involving use of a microphone, speaker and amplifier. This amplifies sounds to help people with hearing impairment hear. Example, Phonak Audeo.Hence, all the options are correct